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Mohamed Siad Barre ((ソマリ語:''Maxamed Siyaad Barre''); (アラビア語:محمد سياد بري); October 6, 1919January 2, 1995) was the military dictator〔George James ("Somalia's Overthrown Dictator, Mohammed Siad Barre, Is Dead" ) ''New York Times'' (1/3/1995)〕〔Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada ("The Horn of Africa: Somalis in Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya" ) ''UNHCR'' (1/2/1991)〕 and President of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969–91. During his rule, he styled himself as ''Jaalle Siyaad'' ("Comrade Siad").〔''Jaalle'' also translates as "Mister".〕 The Barre-led military junta that came to power after a ''coup d'état'' in 1969 said it would adapt scientific socialism to the needs of Somalia. It drew heavily from the traditions of China. Volunteer labour harvested and planted crops, and built roads and hospitals. Almost all industry, banks and businesses were nationalised, and cooperative farms were promoted. A new writing script for the Somali language was also adopted. Although his government forbade clanism and stressed loyalty to the central authorities, the government was commonly referred to by the code name MOD. This acronym stood for Marehan (Siad Barre's clan), Ogaden (the clan of Siad Barre's mother), and Dhulbahante (the clan of Siad Barre son-in-law Colonel Ahmad Sulaymaan Abdullah, who headed the NSS). These were the three clans whose members formed the government's inner circle. Later, the president Siad Barre incited and inflamed clan rivalries to divert the attention of the public away from his increasingly unpopular regime. By the time his regime collapsed the Somali society began to witness an unrepresented outbreak of inter- and intra- clan conflicts. After 21 years of military rule, Barre's Supreme Revolutionary Council was eventually forced from power in the early 1990s by a coalition of armed opposition groups. He died in political exile in 1995, but was returned to Somalia for burial in his home region. ==Early years== Mohamed Siad Barre was born as a member of the Marehan Darod clan (sub-clan Rer Dini) near Shilavo in the Ogaden, Somali Region of Ethiopia.〔David D. Laitin and Said S. Samatar, ''Somalia: Nation in Search of a State'' (Boulder: Westview Press 1987), (p. 79 )〕〔Benjamin Frankel, ''The Cold War, 1945–1991: Leaders and other important figures in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, and the Third World'', (Gale Research: 1992), (p. 306 ).〕 His parents died when he was ten years old.〔 After receiving his primary education in the town of Luuq in southern Somalia, Barre moved to Mogadishu, the capital of Italian Somaliland, to pursue his secondary education.〔 Claiming to have been born in Garbahaareey in order to qualify,〔 he enrolled in the Italian colonial police as a Zaptié in 1940.〔(President Siad Barre life (German) )〕 He later joined the colonial police force during the British military administration of Somalia, rising to the highest possible rank.〔 In 1950, shortly after Italian Somaliland became a United Nations Trust Territory under Italian administration, Barre attended the Carabinieri police school in Italy for two years.〔 Upon his return to Somalia, he remained with the military and eventually became Vice Commander of Somalia's Army when the country gained its independence in 1960. After spending time with Soviet officers in joint training exercises in the early 1960s, Barre became an advocate of Soviet-style Marxist government. He believed in a socialist government, and a stronger sense of nationalism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siad Barre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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